What is Motherboard?

Overview of Motherboard:

The motherboard is a printed circuit board and groundwork of a PC that is the greatest board in a PC chassis. It assigns power and permits correspondence to and between the CPU, RAM, and any remaining computer equipment parts. The motherboard is also known as the system board.

 A motherboard gives availability between the hardware components of a PC, similar to the processor (CPU), memory (RAM), hard drive, and video card. There are numerous kinds of motherboards, intended to fit various sorts and sizes of PCs.

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Each kind of motherboard is designed to work with explicit sorts of processors and memory, so they don’t work with each processor and kind of memory.

Location of Motherboard:

A PC motherboard is situated inside the PC case and is where the majority of the parts and PC peripherals are associated. With tower PCs, the motherboard is on the left or right side of the tower and is the greatest circuit board.

Components of Motherboard:

                               Motherboard contains:

• Expansion slots (PCI Express, PCI, and AGP)
• 3-pin case fan connectors
• Back pane connectors
• Heat sink
• 4-pin (P4) power connector
• Inductor
• Capacitor
• CPU socket
• Northbridge
• Screw hole
• Memory slot
• Super I/O
• ATA/IDE disk drive primary connection
• 24-pin ATX power supply connector
• Serial ATA connections
• Coin cell battery (CMOS backup battery)
• RAID
• System panel connectors
• FWH
• Southbridge
• Serial port connector
• USB headers
• Jumpers
• Integrated circuit
• 1394 headers
• SPDIF
• CD-IN

Older Motherboard components:

 The accompanying rundown contains connections to parts that were important for older PC motherboards.

• BIOS
• Bus
• Cache memory
• Chipset
• Diode
• Dip switches
• Electrolytic
• Floppy connection
• Fuse
• Game port and MIDI header
• Internal speaker
• Keyboard controller
• LCC
• Network header
• Obsolete expansion slots: AMR, CNR, EISA, ISA, and VESA
• Obsolete memory slots: SIMM
• Onboard LED
• Parallel port header
• PS/2 header
• Resistor
• RTC
• Serial port header
• SCSI
• Solenoid
• Voltage regulator
• VRM (voltage regulator module) The motherboard VRM segment is a gathering of 3 principal parts i.e MOSFETs, gags, and capacitors normally situated to the left and above the processor socket.

Motherboard form factors and types:

 As PCs advanced, so have motherboards. The following is a list of the different motherboard structure factors and additional data about each, including ATX, which is the most widely recognized.

• AT
• ATX
• NLX
• MicroATX
• Full ATX
• Full AT
• LPX
• DTX
• BTX
• Baby AT

Why do slots and connections have different colors?

The slots, ports, and connections on a motherboard might be color-coded to assist with recognizing the kind of slot, port, or connector. For instance, with our motherboard picture, the IDE connectors are various varieties to assist with recognizing the primary and secondary connectors. At the point when the memory slots have various colors, it shows the memory spaces are double channels, and sets of memory ought to be introduced on a similar channel.

Motherboard model number location:

This is typically imprinted on the motherboard,   however, can be situated in a few possible areas; for example, it very well might be printed close to the RAM slots, close to the CPU socket, or between the PCI spaces.

Front-panel connector:

 Front Panel Connectors, otherwise called Front Panel Header or F-Panel, are a gathering of connectors on a motherboard that works by controlling the Power on, power reset, beep code speaker, and LED light markers on your PC case.

 All motherboards accompany a front board association point which permits the case to be associated with the Motherboard and give us buttons for capacities like Power On/off/Reset or LED lights on your case. The link starts from the actual case and plugs into the Motherboard to use these features.

 The most essential way for PCs to communicate with each other is through front panel connectors. They let you access hardware settings and control panels without opening your PC packaging, which could nullify your guarantee whenever performed erroneously.

 The front board associations are effortlessly introduced on the Motherboard. In any case, since each case and Motherboard are marginally unique, it might require you an investment to figure out which explicit headers on the Motherboard you want to snare the front board associations with.

Types of the motherboard:

Motherboards are available on desktops, laptops, tablets, and smartphones and the parts and functionalities are something similar. However, the size of the parts and how they are obliged on the board differ because of space accessibility. In desktops, the majority of the parts are fitted inside the sockets provided on the board and it is not difficult to replace every one of them independently, though in Laptops/Smartphones a few parts are bound on the board, henceforth it is difficult to replace/upgrade.

There are six different types of the motherboard and explain their functions:

1. AT Motherboard:

 These motherboards have greater actual elements of many millimeters and subsequently, they are not an ideal choice for the smaller than expected work area classification of PCs. Greater actual size additionally restrains putting in new drivers. Sockets and six-pin plugs are utilized as power connectors in these motherboards. These power connectors are not recognized easily and consequently, clients face difficulty in interfacing and utilizing it. This sort of motherboard was styled during the 1980s and it enjoyed a significant self-life.

2. ATX Motherboard:

 ATX stands for Advanced technology extended, it was created by Intel during the 1990s and it was an upgraded version over a prior form of AT motherboard. It is more modest in size when compared with AT and it gives compatibility of the associated parts. There is a noticeable improvement in the connector aspects.

3. LPX Motherboard:

This board had two enhancements over the earlier version. The first is Input and Output ports were taken to backside and the subsequent one was the acquaintance of Riser card to facilitate with additional spaces and simpler association. A portion of these highlights was conveyed in the AT motherboard. The main disadvantage of this board is the absence of Accelerated Graphic Port (AGP) slots which prompted an immediate association with PCI. Issues in these motherboards tended to NLX sheets.

4. BTX Motherboard:

BTX means Balanced Technology Extended, planned to oversee requests of new technologies as far as more power necessities henceforth age of more intensity. Intel stopped further development of BTX sheets during the mid-2000s to focus on low-power CPUs.

5. Pico BTX Motherboard:

These boards are more modest in size and consequently the word Pico. Two extension slots are upheld notwithstanding being sharing the top portion of BTX. Half-level or riser cards are its special features and it upholds the requests of digital applications.

6. Mini ITX Motherboard:

 It’s a smaller than normal variant of motherboard over its earlier versions. Designed in the mid-2000s and its dimension is 17 x 17 cm. Predominantly utilized in small structure factor (SFF) PC because of its lower power utilization and quicker cooling capacity. This motherboard is the most liked in the home theater area because of its lower level of fan noise which will improve the quality of the theater framework.

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